Allows programs to open data files in specified directories as if they were in
the current directory.

APPEND [[drive:]path[;...]] [/X[:ON | :OFF]] [/PATH:ON | /PATH:OFF] [/E]
APPEND ;

  [drive:]path Specifies a drive and directory to append.
  /X:ON        Applies appended directories to file searches and
               application execution.
  /X:OFF       Applies appended directories only to requests to open files.
               /X:OFF is the default setting.
  /PATH:ON     Applies appended directories to file requests that already
               specify a path.  /PATH:ON is the default setting.
  /PATH:OFF    Turns off the effect of /PATH:ON.
  /E           Stores a copy of the appended directory list in an environment
               variable named APPEND.  /E may be used only the first time
               you use APPEND after starting your system.

Type APPEND ; to clear the appended directory list.
Type APPEND without parameters to display the appended directory list.
Redirects requests for disk operations on one drive to a different drive.

ASSIGN [x[:]=y[:][...]]
ASSIGN /STATUS

  x        Specifies the drive letter to reassign.
  y        Specifies the drive that x: will be assigned to.
  /STATUS  Displays current drive assignments.

Type ASSIGN without parameters to reset all drive letters to original
assignments.
Displays or changes file attributes.

ATTRIB [+R | -R] [+A | -A] [+S | -S] [+H | -H] [[drive:][path]filename] [/S]

  +   Sets an attribute.
  -   Clears an attribute.
  R   Read-only file attribute.
  A   Archive file attribute.
  S   System file attribute.
  H   Hidden file attribute.
  /S  Processes files in all directories in the specified path.
Backs up one or more files from one disk to another.

BACKUP source destination-drive: [/S] [/M] [/A] [/F[:size]]
  [/D:date[/T:time]] [/L[:[drive:][path]logfile]]

  source             Specifies the file(s), drive, or directory to back up.
  destination-drive: Specifies the drive to save backup copies onto.
  /S                 Backs up contents of subdirectories.
  /M                 Backs up only files that have changed since the last
                     backup.
  /A                 Adds backup files to an existing backup disk.
  /F:[size]          Specifies the size of the disk to be formatted.
  /D:date            Backs up only files changed on or after the specified
                     date.
  /T:time            Backs up only files changed at or after the specified
                     time.
  /L[:[drive:][path]logfile]
                     Creates a log file and entry to record the backup
                     operation.
Sets or clears extended CTRL+C checking.

BREAK [ON | OFF]

Type BREAK without a parameter to display the current BREAK setting.
Calls one batch program from another.

CALL [drive:][path]filename [batch-parameters]

  batch-parameters   Specifies any command-line information required by the
                     batch program.
Displays the name of or changes the current directory.

CHDIR [drive:][path]
CHDIR[..]
CD [drive:][path]
CD[..]

  ..   Specifies that you want to change to the parent directory.

Type CD drive: to display the current directory in the specified drive.
Type CD without parameters to display the current drive and directory.
Displays or sets the active code page number.

CHCP [nnn]

  nnn   Specifies a code page number.

Type CHCP without a parameter to display the active code page number.
Displays the name of or changes the current directory.

CHDIR [drive:][path]
CHDIR[..]
CD [drive:][path]
CD[..]

  ..   Specifies that you want to change to the parent directory.

Type CD drive: to display the current directory in the specified drive.
Type CD without parameters to display the current drive and directory.
Checks a disk and displays a status report.

CHKDSK [drive:][[path]filename] [/F] [/V]

  [drive:][path]  Specifies the drive and directory to check.
  filename        Specifies the file(s) to check for fragmentation.
  /F              Fixes errors on the disk.
  /V              Displays the full path and name of every file on the disk.

Type CHKDSK without parameters to check the current disk.
Clears the screen.

CLS
Starts a new instance of the MS-DOS command interpreter.

COMMAND [[drive:]path] [device] [/E:nnnnn] [/P] [/C string] [/MSG]

  [drive:]path    Specifies the directory containing COMMAND.COM file.
  device          Specifies the device to use for command input and output.
  /E:nnnnn        Sets the initial environment size to nnnnn bytes.
  /P              Makes the new command interpreter permanent (can't exit).
  /C string       Carries out the command specified by string, and then stops.
  /MSG            Specifies that all error messages be stored in memory. You
                  need to specify /P with this switch.
Compares the contents of two files or sets of files.

COMP [data1] [data2] [/D] [/A] [/L] [/N=number] [/C]

  data1     Specifies location and name(s) of first file(s) to compare.
  data2     Specifies location and name(s) of second files to compare.
  /D        Displays differences in decimal format. This is the default
            setting.
  /A        Displays differences in ASCII characters.
  /L        Displays line numbers for differences.
  /N=number Compares only the first specified number of lines in each file.
  /C        Disregards case of ASCII letters when comparing files.

To compare sets of files, use wildcards in data1 and data2 parameters.
Copies one or more files to another location.

COPY [/A | /B] source [/A | /B] [+ source [/A | /B] [+ ...]] [destination
  [/A | /B]] [/V]

  source       Specifies the file or files to be copied.
  /A           Indicates an ASCII text file.
  /B           Indicates a binary file.
  destination  Specifies the directory and/or filename for the new file(s).
  /V           Verifies that new files are written correctly.

To append files, specify a single file for destination, but multiple files
for source (using wildcards or file1+file2+file3 format).
Changes the terminal device used to control your system.

CTTY device

  device   The terminal device you want to use, such as COM1.
Displays or sets the date.

DATE [date]

Type DATE without parameters to display the current date setting and
a prompt for a new one.  Press ENTER to keep the same date.
Runs Debug, a program testing and editing tool.

DEBUG [[drive:][path]filename [testfile-parameters]]

  [drive:][path]filename  Specifies the file you want to test.
  testfile-parameters     Specifies command-line information required by
                          the file you want to test.

After Debug starts, type ? to display a list of debugging commands.
Deletes one or more files.

DEL [drive:][path]filename [/P]
ERASE [drive:][path]filename [/P]

  [drive:][path]filename  Specifies the file(s) to delete.  Specify multiple
                          files by using wildcards.
  /P                      Prompts for confirmation before deleting each file.
Displays a list of files and subdirectories in a directory.

DIR [drive:][path][filename] [/P] [/W] [/A[[:]attributes]]
  [/O[[:]sortorder]] [/S] [/B] [/L]
  [drive:][path][filename]
              Specifies drive, directory, and/or files to list.
  /P          Pauses after each screenful of information.
  /W          Uses wide list format.
  /A          Displays files with specified attributes.
  attributes   D  Directories                R  Read-only files
               H  Hidden files               A  Files ready for archiving
               S  System files               -  Prefix meaning "not"
  /O          List by files in sorted order.
  sortorder    N  By name (alphabetic)       S  By size (smallest first)
               E  By extension (alphabetic)  D  By date & time(earliest first)
               G  Group directories first    -  Prefix to reverse order
  /S          Displays files in specified directory and all subdirectories.
  /B          Uses bare format (no heading information or summary).
  /L          Uses lowercase.
Switches may be preset in the DIRCMD environment variable.  Override
preset switches by prefixing any switch with - (hyphen)--for example, /-W.


Compares the contents of two floppy disks.

DISKCOMP [drive1: [drive2:]] [/1] [/8]

  /1   Compares the first side of the disks.
  /8   Compares only the first eight sectors of each track.
Copies the contents of one floppy disk to another.

DISKCOPY [drive1: [drive2:]] [/1] [/V]

  /1   Copies only the first side of the disk.
  /V   Verifies that the information is copied correctly.

The two floppy disks must be the same type.
You may specify the same drive for drive1 and drive2.
Edits command lines, recalls MS-DOS commands, and creates macros.

DOSKEY [/REINSTALL] [/BUFSIZE=size] [/MACROS] [/HISTORY]
  [/INSERT | /OVERSTRIKE] [macroname=[text]]

  /REINSTALL    Installs a new copy of Doskey.
  /BUFSIZE=size Sets size of command history buffer.
  /MACROS       Displays all Doskey macros.
  /HISTORY      Displays all commands stored in memory.
  /INSERT       Specifies that new text you type is inserted in old text.
  /OVERSTRIKE   Specifies that new text overwrites old text.
  macroname     Specifies a name for a macro you create.
  text          Specifies commands you want to record.

UP and DOWN ARROWS recall commands; ESC clears command line; F7 displays
command history; ALT+F7 clears command history; F8 searches command
history; F9 selects a command by number; ALT+F10 clears macro definitions.

The following are some special codes in Doskey macro definitions:
$T     Command separator.  Allows multiple commands in a macro.
$1-$9  Batch parameters.  Equivalent to %1-%9 in batch programs.
$*     Symbol replaced by everything following macro name on command line.




Starts Microsoft (R) DOS Version 5.0  MS-DOS Shell.

DOSSHELL [/T[:res[n]]] [/B]
DOSSHELL [/G[:res[n]]] [/B]

  /T        Starts MS-DOS Shell in text mode.
  :res[n]   A letter (L, M, H) and number indicating screen resolution.
  /B        Starts MS-DOS Shell using black-and-white color scheme.
  /G        Starts MS-DOS Shell in graphics mode.
Displays messages, or turns command-echoing on or off.

  ECHO [ON | OFF]
  ECHO [message]

Type ECHO without parameters to display the current echo setting.
Starts the MS-DOS Editor, which creates and changes ASCII files.
 
EDIT [[drive:][path]filename] [/B] [/G] [/H] [/NOHI]
 
  [drive:][path]filename  Specifies the ASCII file to edit.
  /B          Allows use of a monochrome monitor with a color graphics card.
  /G          Provides the fastest update of a CGA screen.
  /H          Displays the maximum number of lines possible for your hardware.
  /NOHI       Allows the use of a monitor without high-intensity support.
Starts Edlin, a line-oriented text editor.

EDLIN [drive:][path]filename [/B]

  /B   Ignores end-of-file (CTRL+Z) characters.
Turns on or off EMM386 expanded memory support.

EMM386 [ON | OFF | AUTO] [W=ON | W=OFF]

  ON | OFF | AUTO       Activates or suspends EMM386.EXE device driver,
                        or places it in auto mode.
  W=ON | OFF            Turns on or off Weitek coprocessor support.
Deletes one or more files.

DEL [drive:][path]filename [/P]
ERASE [drive:][path]filename [/P]

  [drive:][path]filename  Specifies the file(s) to delete.  Specify multiple
                          files by using wildcards.
  /P                      Prompts for confirmation before deleting each file.
Converts .EXE (executable) files to binary format.

EXE2BIN [drive1:][path1]input-file [[drive2:][path2]output-file]

  input-file   Specifies the .EXE file to be converted.
  output-file  Specifies the binary file to be created.
Quits the COMMAND.COM program (command interpreter).

EXIT
Expands one or more compressed files.

EXPAND [drive:][path]filename [[drive1:][path1]filename[ ...]] destination

  [drive:][path]filename  Specifies the location and/or name of a file or
                          set of files to be expanded. You cannot use
                          wildcards.
  destination             Specifies the new location and/or name of an
                          expanded file or set of files. Destination can be
                          a drive letter and colon, directory name,
                          filename, or combination.

The destination can only be a filename if you have specified a single
filename for the source filename parameter. To expand multiple files to a
different directory and keep the original filenames, specify only a
directory as the destination.
Decreases the amount of time needed to open frequently used files
and directories.

FASTOPEN drive:[[=]n] [drive:[[=]n][ ...]] [/X]

  drive:  Specifies the hard disk drive you want Fastopen to work with.
  n       Specifies the maximum number of file locations Fastopen retains
          in its filename cache.
  /X      Creates the filename cache in expanded memory.
Compares two files or sets of files and displays the differences between
them.

FC [/A] [/C] [/L] [/LBn] [/N] [/T] [/W] [/nnnn] [drive1:][path1]filename1
  [drive2:][path2]filename2
FC /B [drive1:][path1]filename1 [drive2:][path2]filename2

  /A     Displays only first and last lines for each set of differences.
  /B     Performs a binary comparison.
  /C     Disregards the case of letters.
  /L     Compares files as ASCII text.
  /LBn   Sets the maximum consecutive mismatches to the specified number of
         lines.
  /N     Displays the line numbers on an ASCII comparison.
  /T     Does not expand tabs to spaces.
  /W     Compresses white space (tabs and spaces) for comparison.
  /nnnn  Specifies the number of consecutive lines that must match after a
         mismatch.
Configures a hard disk for use with MS-DOS.

FDISK Consult your User's Guide and Reference before using the FDISK command.
Searches for a text string in a file or files.

FIND [/V] [/C] [/N] [/I] "string" [[drive:][path]filename[ ...]]

  /V        Displays all lines NOT containing the specified string.
  /C        Displays only the count of lines containing the string.
  /N        Displays line numbers with the displayed lines.
  /I        Ignores the case of characters when searching for the string.
  "string"  Specifies the text string to find.
  [drive:][path]filename
            Specifies a file or files to search.

If a pathname is not specified, FIND searches the text typed at the prompt
or piped from another command.
Runs a specified command for each file in a set of files.

FOR %variable IN (set) DO command [command-parameters]

  %variable  Specifies a replaceable parameter.
  (set)      Specifies a set of one or more files.  Wildcards may be used.
  command    Specifies the command to carry out for each file.
  command-parameters
             Specifies parameters or switches for the specified command.

To use the FOR command in a batch program, specify %%variable instead of
%variable.
Formats a disk for use with MS-DOS.

FORMAT drive: [/V[:label]] [/Q] [/U] [/F:size] [/B | /S]
FORMAT drive: [/V[:label]] [/Q] [/U] [/T:tracks /N:sectors] [/B | /S]
FORMAT drive: [/V[:label]] [/Q] [/U] [/1] [/4] [/B | /S]
FORMAT drive: [/Q] [/U] [/1] [/4] [/8] [/B | /S]

  /V[:label]  Specifies the volume label.
  /Q          Performs a quick format.
  /U          Performs an unconditional format.
  /F:size     Specifies the size of the floppy disk to format (such 
              as 160, 180, 320, 360, 720, 1.2, 1.44, 2.88).
  /B          Allocates space on the formatted disk for system files.
  /S          Copies system files to the formatted disk.
  /T:tracks   Specifies the number of tracks per disk side.
  /N:sectors  Specifies the number of sectors per track.
  /1          Formats a single side of a floppy disk.
  /4          Formats a 5.25-inch 360K floppy disk in a high-density drive.
  /8          Formats eight sectors per track.
Directs MS-DOS to a labelled line in a batch program.

GOTO label

  :labelname  Specifies a text string used in the batch program as a label.

You type a label on a line by itself, beginning with a colon.
Enables MS-DOS to display an extended character set in graphics mode.

GRAFTABL [xxx]
GRAFTABL /STATUS

  xxx      Specifies a code page number.
  /STATUS  Displays the current code page selected for use with GRAFTABL.
Loads a program that can print graphics.

GRAPHICS [type] [[drive:][path]filename] [/R] [/B] [/LCD]
  [/PRINTBOX:STD | /PRINTBOX:LCD]

  type        Specifies a printer type (see User's Guide and Reference).
  [drive:][path]filename
              Specifies the file containing information on supported printers.
  /R          Prints white on black as seen on the screen.
  /B          Prints the background in color for COLOR4 and COLOR8 printers.
  /LCD        Prints using LCD aspect ratio.
  /PRINTBOX:STD | /PRINTBOX:LCD
              Specifies the print-box size, either STD or LCD.
Provides help information for MS-DOS commands.

HELP [command]

  command - displays help information on that command.
Performs conditional processing in batch programs.

IF [NOT] ERRORLEVEL number command
IF [NOT] string1==string2 command
IF [NOT] EXIST filename command

 NOT               Specifies that MS-DOS should carry out the command only
                   if the condition is false.
 ERRORLEVEL number Specifies a true condition if the last program run returned
                   an exit code equal to or greater than the number specified.
 command           Specifies the command to carry out if the condition is
                   met.
 string1==string2  Specifies a true condition if the specified text strings
                   match.
 EXIST filename    Specifies a true condition if the specified filename
                   exists.
Joins a disk drive to a directory on another drive.

JOIN [drive1: [drive2:]path]
JOIN drive1: /D

  drive1:        Specifies a disk drive that will appear as a directory on
                 drive2.
  drive2:        Specifies a drive to which you want to join drive1.
  path           Specifies the directory to which you want to join drive1. It
                 must be empty and cannot be the root directory.
  /D             Cancels any previous JOIN commands for the specified drive.

Type JOIN without parameters to list currently joined drives.
Configures a keyboard for a specific language.

KEYB [xx[,[yyy][,[drive:][path]filename]]] [/E] [/ID:nnn]

  xx                      Specifies a two-letter keyboard code.
  yyy       ÿ             Specifies the code page for the character set.
  [drive:][path]filename  Specifies the keyboard definition file.
  /E                      Specifies that an enhanced keyboard is installed.
  /ID:nnn                 Specifies the keyboard in use.
Creates, changes, or deletes the volume label of a disk.

LABEL [drive:][label]
Loads a program into the upper memory area.

LOADHIGH [drive:][path]filename [parameters]
LH [drive:][path]filename [parameters]

  parameters   Specifies any command-line information required by the
               program you want to load.
Loads a program above the first 64K of memory, and runs the program.

LOADFIX [drive:][path]filename

Use LOADFIX to load a program if you have received the message
"Packed file corrupt" when trying to load it in low memory.
Loads a program into the upper memory area.

LOADHIGH [drive:][path]filename [parameters]
LH [drive:][path]filename [parameters]

  parameters   Specifies any command-line information required by the
               program you want to load.
Creates a directory.

MKDIR [drive:]path
MD [drive:]path
Displays the amount of used and free memory in your system.

MEM [/PROGRAM | /DEBUG | /CLASSIFY]

  /PROGRAM or /P   Displays status of programs currently loaded in memory.
  /DEBUG or /D     Displays status of programs, internal drivers, and other
                   information.
  /CLASSIFY or /C  Classifies programs by memory usage. Lists the size of
                   programs, provides a summary of memory in use, and lists
                   largest memory block available.

Records information about one or more disks.

MIRROR [drive:[ ...]] [/1] [/Tdrive[-entries][ ...]]
MIRROR [/U]
MIRROR [/PARTN]

  drive:       Specifies the drive for which you want to save information.
  /1           Saves only the latest disk information (does not back up
               previous information).
  /Tdrive      Loads the deletion-tracking program for the specified drive.
  -entries     Specifies maximum number of entries in the deletion-tracking
               file.
  /U           Unloads the deletion-tracking program.
  /PARTN       Saves hard disk partition information to a floppy diskette.
MIRROR, UNDELETE, and UNFORMAT Copyright (C) 1987-1991 Central Point Software,
Inc.
Creates a directory.

MKDIR [drive:]path
MD [drive:]path
Configures system devices.

Printer port:     MODE LPTn[:] [COLS=c] [LINES=l] [RETRY=r]
Serial port:      MODE COMm[:] [BAUD=b] [PARITY=p] [DATA=d] [STOP=s] [RETRY=r]
Device Status:    MODE [device] [/STATUS]
Redirect printing:MODE LPTn[:]=COMm[:]
Prepare code page:MODE device CP PREPARE=((yyy[...]) [drive:][path]filename)
Select code page: MODE device CP SELECT=yyy
Refresh code page:MODE device CP REFRESH
Code page status: MODE device CP [/STATUS]
Display mode:     MODE [display-adapter][,n]
                  MODE CON[:] [COLS=c] [LINES=n]
Typematic rate:   MODE CON[:] [RATE=r DELAY=d]
Displays output one screen at a time.

MORE < [drive:][path]filename
command-name | MORE

  [drive:][path]filename  Specifies a file to display one screen at a time.
  command-name            Specifies a command whose output will be displayed.
Loads country-specific information.

NLSFUNC [[drive:][path]filename]

  [drive:][path]filename   Specifies the file containing country-specific
                           information.
Displays or sets a search path for executable files.

PATH [[drive:]path[;...]]
PATH ;

Type PATH ; to clear all search-path settings and direct MS-DOS to search
only in the current directory.
Type PATH without parameters to display the current path.
Suspends processing of a batch program and displays the message "Press any
key to continue...."

PAUSE
Prints a text file while you are using other MS-DOS commands.

PRINT [/D:device] [/B:size] [/U:ticks1] [/M:ticks2] [/S:ticks3]
      [/Q:qsize] [/T] [[drive:][path]filename[ ...]] [/C] [/P]

  /D:device  Specifies a print device.
  /B:size    Sets the internal buffer size, in bytes.
  /U:ticks1  Waits the specified maximum number of clock ticks for the printer
             to be available.
  /M:ticks2  Specifies the maximum number of clock ticks it takes to print a
             character.
  /S:ticks3  Allocates the scheduler the specified number of clock ticks for
             background printing.
  /Q:qsize   Specifies the maximum number of files allowed in the print queue.
  /T         Removes all files from the print queue.
  /C         Cancels printing of the preceding filename and subsequent
             filenames.
  /P         Adds the preceding filename and subsequent filenames to the print
             queue.

Type PRINT without parameters to display the contents of the print queue.
Changes the MS-DOS command prompt.

PROMPT [text]

  text    Specifies a new command prompt.

Prompt can be made up of normal characters and the following special codes:
  $Q   = (equal sign)
  $$   $ (dollar sign)
  $T   Current time
  $D   Current date
  $P   Current drive and path
  $V   MS-DOS version number
  $N   Current drive
  $G   > (greater-than sign)
  $L   < (less-than sign)
  $B   | (pipe)
  $H   Backspace (erases previous character)
  $E   Escape code (ASCII code 27)
  $_   Carriage return and linefeed

Type PROMPT without parameters to reset the prompt to the default setting.

Starts the MS-DOS QBasic programming environment.
 
QBASIC [/B] [/EDITOR] [/G] [/H] [/MBF] [/NOHI] [[/RUN] [drive:][path]filename]
 
  /B          Allows use of a monochrome monitor with a color graphics card.
  /EDITOR     Starts the MS-DOS Editor.
  /G          Provides the fastest update of a CGA screen.
  /H          Displays the maximum number of lines possible for your hardware.
  /MBF        Converts the built-in functions MKS$, MKD$, CVS, and CVD to
              MKSMBF$, MKDMBF$, CVSMBF, and CVDMBF, respectively.
  /NOHI       Allows the use of a monitor without high-intensity support.
  /RUN        Runs the specified Basic program before displaying it.
  [[drive:][path]filename] Specifies the program file to load or run.
Removes (deletes) a directory.

RMDIR [drive:]path
RD [drive:]path
Recovers readable information from a bad or defective disk.

RECOVER [drive:][path]filename
RECOVER drive:

Consult your User's Guide and Reference before using the RECOVER command.
Records comments (remarks) in a batch file or CONFIG.SYS.

REM [comment]
Renames a file or files.

RENAME [drive:][path]filename1 filename2
REN [drive:][path]filename1 filename2

Note that you cannot specify a new drive or path for your destination file.
Renames a file or files.

RENAME [drive:][path]filename1 filename2
REN [drive:][path]filename1 filename2

Note that you cannot specify a new drive or path for your destination file.
Replaces files.

REPLACE [drive1:][path1]filename [drive2:][path2] [/A] [/P] [/R] [/W]
REPLACE [drive1:][path1]filename [drive2:][path2] [/P] [/R] [/S] [/W] [/U]

  [drive1:][path1]filename Specifies the source file or files.
  [drive2:][path2]         Specifies the directory where files are to be
                           replaced.
  /A                       Adds new files to destination directory. Cannot
                           use with /S or /U switches.
  /P                       Prompts for confirmation before replacing a file or
                           adding a source file.
  /R                       Replaces read-only files as well as unprotected
                           files.
  /S                       Replaces files in all subdirectories of the
                           destination directory. Cannot use with the /A
                           switch.
  /W                       Waits for you to insert a disk before beginning.
  /U                       Replaces (updates) only files that are older than
                           source files. Cannot use with the /A switch.
Restores files that were backed up by using the BACKUP command.

RESTORE drive1: drive2:[path[filename]][/S] [/P] [/B:date] [/A:date] [/E:time]
  [/L:time] [/M] [/N] [/D]

  drive1:  Specifies the drive on which the backup files are stored.
  drive2:[path[filename]]
           Specifies the file(s) to restore.
  /S       Restores files in all subdirectories in the path.
  /P       Prompts before restoring read-only files or files changed since
           the last backup (if appropriate attributes are set).
  /B       Restores only files last changed on or before the specified date.
  /A       Restores only files changed on or after the specified date.
  /E       Restores only files last changed at or earlier than the specified
           time.
  /L       Restores only files changed at or later than the specified time.
  /M       Restores only files changed since the last backup.
  /N       Restores only files that no longer exist on the destination disk.
  /D       Displays files on the backup disk that match specifications.
Removes (deletes) a directory.

RMDIR [drive:]path
RD [drive:]path
Displays, sets, or removes MS-DOS environment variables.

SET [variable=[string]]

  variable  Specifies the environment-variable name.
  string    Specifies a series of characters to assign to the variable.

Type SET without parameters to display the current environment variables.
Sets the version number that MS-DOS reports to a program.

Display current version table:  SETVER [drive:path]
Add entry:                      SETVER [drive:path] filename n.nn
Delete entry:                   SETVER [drive:path] filename /DELETE [/QUIET]

  [drive:path]    Specifies location of the SETVER.EXE file.
  filename        Specifies the filename of the program.
  n.nn            Specifies the MS-DOS version to be reported to the program.
  /DELETE or /D   Deletes the version-table entry for the specified program.
  /QUIET          Hides the message typically displayed during deletion of
                  version-table entry.
Installs file-sharing and locking capabilities on your hard disk.

SHARE [/F:space] [/L:locks]

  /F:space   Allocates file space (in bytes) for file-sharing information.
  /L:locks   Sets the number of files that can be locked at one time.
Changes the position of replaceable parameters in a batch file.

SHIFT Consult your User's Guide and Reference for examples of SHIFT.
Sorts input and writes results to the screen, a file, or another device.

SORT [/R] [/+n] < [drive1:][path1]filename1 [> [drive2:][path2]filename2]
[command |] SORT [/R] [/+n] [> [drive2:][path2]filename2]

  /R                         Reverses the sort order; that is, sorts Z to A,
                             then 9 to 0.
  /+n                        Sorts the file according to characters in
                             column n.
  [drive1:][path1]filename1  Specifies a file to be sorted.
  [drive2:][path2]filename2  Specifies a file where the sorted input is to be 
                             stored.
  command                    Specifies a command whose output is to be sorted.
Associates a path with a drive letter.

SUBST [drive1: [drive2:]path]
SUBST drive1: /D

  drive1:        Specifies a virtual drive to which you want to assign a path.
  [drive:2]path  Specifies a physical drive and path you want to assign to
                 a virtual drive.
  /D             Deletes a substituted (virtual) drive.

Type SUBST with no parameters to display a list of current virtual drives.
Copies MS-DOS system files and command interpreter to a disk you specify.

SYS [drive1:][path] drive2:

  [drive1:][path] Specifies the location of the system files.
  drive2:         Specifies the drive the files are to be copied to.
Displays or sets the system time.

TIME [time]

Type TIME with no parameters to display the current time setting and a prompt
for a new one.  Press ENTER to keep the same time.
Graphically displays the directory structure of a drive or path.

TREE [drive:][path] [/F] [/A]

  /F   Displays the names of the files in each directory.
  /A   Uses ASCII instead of extended characters.
Displays the contents of a text file.

TYPE [drive:][path]filename

Undelete V7 (c)1990-1991 Central Point Software, Inc.

  UNDEL [[d:][path][filename]] [[/S | /DT | /DOS | /ALL] /NC /NM] [/LIST] [/?]

  d:       - The drive you wish to undelete from
  path     - The path describing the directory you wish to undelete from
  filename - Any DOS filename (* and ? can be used)

General Parameters:
  /S       - Undelete only files protected by Delete Sentry
  /DT      - Undelete only files protected by Delete Tracker (DOS 5)
  /DOS     - Undelete only files protected by DOS
  /ALL     - Undelete files protected by all three methods (default)
  /NC      - Undelete without asking for confirmation for each file
  /NM      - Undelete DOS protected files without using Mirror
  /LIST    - List the deleted files in the specified directory
  /?       - Display this help screen
  /VIDEO   - Display command-line help for video/mouse parameters
Restores a disk erased by the FORMAT command or restructured by the RECOVER
command.

UNFORMAT drive: [/J]
UNFORMAT drive: [/U] [/L] [/TEST] [/P]
UNFORMAT /PARTN [/L]

  drive:   Specifies the drive to unformat.
  /J       Verifies that the mirror files agree with the system information
           on the disk.
  /U       Unformats without using MIRROR files.
  /L       Lists all file and directory names found, or, when used with the
           /PARTN switch, displays current partition tables.
  /TEST    Displays information but does not write changes to disk.
  /P       Sends output messages to printer connected to LPT1.
  /PARTN   Restores disk partition tables.
MIRROR, UNDELETE, and UNFORMAT Copyright (C) 1987-1991 Central Point Software,
Inc.
Displays the MS-DOS version.

VER
Tells MS-DOS whether to verify that your files are written correctly to a
disk.

VERIFY [ON | OFF]

Type VERIFY without a parameter to display the current VERIFY setting.
Displays the disk volume label and serial number, if they exist.

VOL [drive:]
Copies files (except hidden and system files) and directory trees.

XCOPY source [destination] [/A | /M] [/D:date] [/P] [/S [/E]] [/V] [/W]

  source       Specifies the file(s) to copy.
  destination  Specifies the location and/or name of new files.
  /A           Copies files with the archive attribute set,
               doesn't change the attribute.
  /M           Copies files with the archive attribute set,
               turns off the archive attribute.
  /D:date      Copies files changed on or after the specified date.
  /P           Prompts you before creating each destination file.
  /S           Copies directories and subdirectories except empty ones.
  /E           Copies any subdirectories, even if empty.
  /V           Verifies each new file.
  /W           Prompts you to press a key before copying.
